Harm Reduction Reports

Find harm reduction reports, publications, case studies and program evaluations below.

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Harm reduction reports

Two hands holding a Naloxone kit  

The BCCDC conducts research and evaluates provincial harm reduction programs. Find best practice guidelines and evaluation reports below.

Harm reduction reports

Guidelines

BC HRSS Policy & Guidelines (November, 2022) Report (PDF)

Reports & publications

HRSS Policy Indicators Report (July 2020) Report (PDF)

Updated April 26, 2024: The Province of B.C. is working with Health Canada to make changes to the federal exemption to the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. The requested changes would make illicit drug use illegal in all public spaces including inside hospitals, on transit and in parks. These changes are not currently in effect. For more information, read the news release: https://news.gov.bc.ca/releases/2024PREM0021-000643

The federal government approved an exemption to the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act to allow for the removal of criminal penalties for possession of small amounts of some illicit substances for personal use by people over 18 years old within British Columbia. This exemption is effective starting January 31, 2023 until January 31, 2026. The purpose of the exemption is to reduce the stigma associated with substance use and support people in accessing important health and social services. Since decriminalization came into effect in BC, some local governments have expressed interest in understanding the potential impacts of decriminalization on public substance use as they consider the needs of their communities.

Reports and publications

Findings from the Harm Reduction Client Survey can be found here

Drug decriminalization in British Columbia: A pre-implementation qualitative study with people who use drugs (PDF) (September 2023)

Harm Reduction Client Survey 2022 decriminalization data

The 2022 Harm Reduction Client Survey collected data pre-decriminalization to act as a baseline against which future changes could be assessed.​

Find results from the 2022 Harm Reduction Client Survey




Analyses and publications

 

The BCCDC with provincial and regional partners tracks substance use and overdose trends. Find research and reports below separated by substance and overdose topic.


Illicit dr​​ug toxicity deaths

  • Map: Illicit drug toxicity deaths (Updated monthly)  
  • 2015-2025 Reported by HSDA  Map (Updated monthly)  
  • 2015-2025 Reported by LHA  Map (Updated triannually)  
  • 2024 Reported by CHSA  Map (Updated annually)  ‎

Paramedi​c-attended overdose events

Opioid​​ Agonist Therapy prescribers

  • Opioid Use Disorder among Youth in BC (June 2023) Infographic
  • New opioid use disorder diagnosis rates in British Columbia (2010-2023) Knowledge Update
  • Prevalence of co-occurring mental illness and substance use disorder and association with overdose: a linked data cohort study among residents of British Columbia, Canada (Jan 2022) Publication
  • Use of Community Healthcare and Overdose in the 30 Days Following Release from Provincial Correctional Facilities in British Columbia (Sept 2021) Publication
  • Death After Emergency Department Visits for Opioid Overdose in British Columbia (Mar 2021)  Publication Infographic
  • Mortality & Healthcare Utilization following a Paramedic-attended Overdose (Jan 2021)  Publication Infographic
  • Declining Transport to Hospital for Paramedic-attended Overdose Events (Oct 2019) Infographic
  • Patterns of Health Care Utilization Among People Who Overdose from Illegal Drugs in B.C. Knowledge Update (April 2018)
  • Brain Injury Following Drug Toxicity Events in British Columbia  (Feb 2025) Knowledge Update 
  • Chronic disease diagnoses and health service use among people who died of illicit drug toxicity in British Columbia, Canada (November 2024) Publication | Infographic
  • Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Relation to Substance Use Disorders (October 2021) Publication
  • Drug overdose and the risk of cardiovascular diseases: a nested case-control study (Oct 2021) Publication
  • Neurological Injury Following Overdose (Jan 2020) Knowledge Update

  • Potent Sedatives in Opioids in BC: Implications for Resuscitation, & Benzodiazepine & Etizolam Withdrawal (May 2021)  Publication
  • Toxicology & Prescribed Medication Histories Among People Experiencing Fatal Illicit Drug Overdose in B.C. (Aug 2020)  Publication
  • Prescription-related Risk Factors for Opioid-related Overdoses in the Era of Fentanyl Contamination of Illicit Drug Supply (May 2020)  Case-control Study
  • Prescription History & Toxicology Findings Among People Who Died of an Illicit Drug Overdose in B.C. (Oct 2019) Infographic
  • Patterns & History of Prescription Drug Use Among Opioid-related Drug Overdose Cases in B.C. (Jan 2019) Publication
 



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  • Uptake of Low-dose Buprenorphine Initiation and Associated Patient Characteristics in British Columbia, Canada: A Population-based Cohort Study (Mar 2025) Publication
  • Effects of the New Prescribing Standards in B.C. on Consumption of Opioids & Benzodiazepines & Z Drugs (May 2019)  Pu​blication
  • Opioid Agonist Treatment (OAT) Initiations Post-overdose from Illegal Drugs in B.C. (Jul 2018)  Knowledge Update
  • Patient Perspectives of Methadone Formulation Change in B.C. (Jan 2016) Publication

 

  • Evaluating the effects of Risk Mitigation Guidance opioid and stimulant dispensations on mortality and acute care visits during dual public health emergencies (January 2024) Knowledge Update; Publication
  • Risk Mitigation Guidance (RMG) Evaluation Findings, March 2020 to December 2021 Infographic
  • Evaluation of risk mitigation measures for people with substance use disorders to address the dual public health crises of COVID-19 and overdose in British Columbia Publication
  • Toxicology Supplement: Post-mortem detection of hydromorphone among persons identified as having an illicit drug toxicity death since the introduction of Risk Mitigation Guidance prescribing (December 2021) Knowledge Update
  • Post-mortem detection of hydromorphone among persons identified as having an illicit drug toxicity death since the introduction of Risk Mitigation Guidance prescribing (October 2021) Knowledge Update 

  • Association of Mental Health Services Access and Reincarceration Among Adults Released From Prison British Columbia, Canada (Dec 2022) Publication
  • Association of Opioid and Stimulant Use Disorder Diagnoses With Fatal and Nonfatal Overdose Among People With a History of Incarceration  (Nov 2022) Publication 
  • Fatal overdoses after release from prison in British Columbia: a retrospective data linkage study (Sept 2021) Publication
  • Risk of Overdose‐related Death for People with a History of Incarceration (Oct 2020)  Publication
  • Demographic Factors, Incarceration History & Risk of Overdose-related Death (Oct 2019) Infographics

Fentanyl

  • Known Fentanyl Use Among Clients of Harm Reduction Sites in B.C. (Mar 2020) Publication  Infographic
  • Assessing the Risk of Occupational Fentanyl Exposures in OPS & SCS Sites in B.C. (Aug 2018) Knowledge Update

Stimulants

  • What we know about stimulant use and drug poisoning in BC (Jan 2023) Infographic
  • Concurrent use of opioids and stimulants and risk of fatal overdose: A cohort study (Nov 2022) Publication
  • Crystal Methamphetamine Use in BC: A Study of People who Access Harm Reduction Services (May 2021)  Publication​​​

 

BCCDC program reports & documents

Person carrying backpack and lots of Naloxone kits  

Peer engagement, naloxone distribution and overdose prevention services are at the core of the BCCDC's overdose response. Find evaluations, guidelines and reports on this work below.


 



Peer engagement

For information about Peer Engagement and how it informs the work of the BCCDC Harm Reduction & Substance Use Services, visit the Peer Engagement page of Toward the Heart


Contents of a Naloxone kit 

Naloxone programs (THN and FOR​​B)

Evaluations

Supply distribution 

Reports & publications

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