Communicable Diseases
Bacteria, viruses and fungi in the environment can cause disease and illness in people. In some instances, large outbreaks can occur if many people are affected in a short period of time. While the BCCDC specializes in investigating and controlling instances of disease, regional health authorities manage outbreaks that affect areas within their jurisdiction. At the BCCDC, PHEM is often involved when an outbreak threatens public health in multiple health authorities, or if the event requires complex coordination in order to be managed effectively.
Examples of communicable diseases include:
Vector borne diseases, which are transmitted by insect and animal bites. Examples include West Nile, Lyme disease and Rabies.
Food and water borne diseases, such as E-coli, Salmonella, and Giardia are mostly spread through the consumption of contaminated water or food.
Human-to-human diseases, including measles, mumps, rhinovirus (common cold), sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis and influenza, may be spread through exposure or contact with bodily fluids.
New or emerging infectious diseases such as SARS or H1N1, are new to a population or may be previously-known viruses or bacteria that have changed over time.
When an outbreak occurs:
| Surveillance: |
The public health system is constantly monitoring and assessing instances of disease in the population. Additionally, public health experts continually monitor the emergence of significant diseases in countries and regions around the world, through a variety of information sharing networks. Constant vigilance is required to maintain a healthy population. |
| Reporting: |
Some diseases are deemed 'reportable' under the Public Health Act in BC. Doctors and other healthcare workers must report to their local Medical Health Officer if they see a person with these conditions. This process is in place so that public health interventions can quickly be taken to prevent others from getting the disease. Measures may include immunization or taking medications to prevent illness. |
| Investigating: |
BCCDC works with health authorities to systematically investigate the cause, spread and impact of a disease, and implement strategies to contain it. |
| Supporting: |
If a health authority is overwhelmed, if multiple health authorities are impacted or if requested by the Provincial Health Officer, the BCCDC can take a greater leadership role in coordinating response to the event. While the BCCDC may provide direction, support and leadership, the responsibility for implementing outbreak management strategies still resides with the regional health authorities. |
Last Updated: November 1, 2011